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CSS Islamic Studies Paper 2023
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How to Solve CSS Islamic Studies Paper 2023
Q. No. 2: Qur’anic Argument on the Life Hereafter and Its Impacts on Human Life
- Introduction: The concept of life after death (Akhirah) is central to Islamic belief, shaping individual and societal behavior.
- Qur’anic Evidence: Verses on resurrection, accountability, and rewards/punishments (e.g., Surah Al-Baqarah 2:281, Surah Al-Zalzalah 99:7-8).
- Impact on Individual Life: Encourages righteousness, self-discipline, and moral integrity.
- Impact on Society: Promotes justice, honesty, and social welfare by deterring wrongdoing.
- Examples from History: Lives of Sahaba (RA) and pious rulers influenced by Akhirah’s concept.
- Conclusion: Belief in the Hereafter fosters a responsible and ethical society.
Q. No. 3: The Holy Prophet’s (ﷺ) Role as a Model for Military Strategy
- Introduction: The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) demonstrated exceptional military leadership based on strategy, ethics, and divine guidance.
- Defensive Warfare: Battles of Badr, Uhud, and Khandaq show strategic planning and defensive tactics.
- Diplomacy and Treaties: Treaty of Hudaybiyyah as an example of political foresight.
- Humanitarian Warfare: Prohibition of harming civilians and ensuring fair treatment of prisoners.
- Psychological Warfare: Creating unity among Muslims, demoralizing the enemy, and using intelligence networks.
- Conclusion: The Prophet’s (ﷺ) military strategies remain a model for ethical and intelligent warfare.
Q. No. 4: Rights of Daughters in Islam and Their Denial in the Modern World
- Introduction: Islam granted daughters equal rights in inheritance, education, and social status.
- Qur’anic Teachings: “Do not kill your children for fear of poverty.” (Surah Al-Isra 17:31).
- Prophetic Example: The Prophet (ﷺ) honored his daughter Fatimah (RA) and emphasized daughters’ respect.
- Denial in the Modern World: Gender discrimination, forced marriages, and educational barriers.
- Solutions: Promoting Islamic values, implementing legal reforms, and increasing awareness.
- Conclusion: Islam safeguards daughters’ rights, but societal practices often contradict them.
Q. No. 5: Ijma (Consensus) and Its Types – Validity of Legislation in an Islamic State
- Introduction: Ijma is the consensus of scholars on Islamic rulings, a key source of Islamic jurisprudence.
- Types of Ijma:
- Explicit Ijma: Unanimous agreement on a ruling.
- Silent Ijma: Agreement by the majority without opposition.
- Progressive Ijma: Evolving consensus in response to new issues.
- Legislation in an Islamic State: Can be valid if aligned with Islamic principles and derived through Ijma.
- Examples: Compilation of the Quran, Fiqh schools, and contemporary legal systems.
- Conclusion: Ijma ensures Islamic laws remain relevant and adaptable.
Q. No. 6: The Charter of Madina as a Social Contract
- Introduction: The Charter of Madina was the first written constitution ensuring justice and coexistence.
- Key Provisions:
- Religious Freedom: Recognized Jews, Christians, and pagans as equal citizens.
- Collective Security: Mutual defense and protection of Madina.
- Justice System: Dispute resolution through the Prophet (ﷺ).
- Modern Relevance: A model for pluralism, tolerance, and governance.
- Conclusion: The Charter of Madina exemplifies an ideal Islamic social contract.
Q. No. 7: Motives of Extremism in Pakistan and Islamic Teachings for Eradication
- Introduction: Extremism in Pakistan stems from political, social, and religious factors.
- Motives of Extremism:
- Political Instability: Weak governance and law enforcement.
- Religious Misinterpretation: Extremist ideologies distorting Islamic teachings.
- Economic Disparities: Poverty and unemployment fueling radicalization.
- Islamic Solutions:
- Promotion of Moderation: “We have made you a just nation” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:143).
- Educational Reforms: Teaching true Islamic values.
- Strengthening Law Enforcement: Preventing hate speech and radical activities.
- Conclusion: Applying Islamic principles can eliminate extremism and promote peace.
Q. No. 8: Write Notes on the Following
(a) Human Rights in the Light of the Sermon of Farewell Pilgrimage
- Equality: No superiority of one race over another.
- Protection of Life and Property: Sanctity of blood and wealth.
- Women’s Rights: Emphasis on fair treatment and inheritance.
- Justice: Condemnation of usury and exploitation.
(b) Social Justice in an Islamic Society
- Economic Justice: Zakat and fair distribution of wealth.
- Legal Justice: Equal application of laws to all citizens.
- Moral Justice: Upholding truth and preventing corruption.
- Collective Welfare: Encouraging charity and community support.
