Download CSS Philosophy Syllabus – CSS Syllabus pdf
CSS Philosophy Syllabus
The CSS Philosophy syllabus helps aspirants explore major ideas in ethics, logic, knowledge, and existence. It includes famous Western and Muslim philosophers. Aspirants can download the CSS Philosophy Syllabus PDF from our website, CSS Updates.
PHILOSOPHY (100 MARKS)
I. Introduction
Meaning, basic nature, and the scope of philosophy.
II. Philosophical Methods
- Socratic Method (Socrates): Learning through asking and answering questions.
- Inductive Method (Bacon, Mill): Drawing general ideas from specific facts or experiences.
- Deductive Method (Aristotle, Descartes): Starting with general ideas to explain particular cases.
- Dialectical Method (Hegel): Understanding by discussing opposing ideas to find truth.
- Fallibilistic Method (Popper): Accepting that knowledge can be wrong and should be tested.
III. Epistemology (Theory of Knowledge)
- Rationalism (Plato, Descartes, Spinoza): Belief that reason is the main source of knowledge.
- Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume): Belief that knowledge comes from sensory experience.
- Transcendentalism (Kant): Belief that knowledge comes from both experience and the mind’s structure.
- Intuitionism (Bergson): Belief that some truths are known through instinct or inner feeling.
IV. Ontology (Study of Being and Reality)
- Idealism (Plato, Berkeley): Reality is based on ideas or the mind.
- Representative Realism (Locke): We see the world through ideas or images in our minds.
- Historical and Dialectical Materialism (Marx): Reality changes through history and material conditions, especially through class struggle.
V. Ethics (Study of Morality)
- What is morality? Understanding right and wrong.
- Cultural Relativism: Morality changes from culture to culture.
- Does morality depend on religion? A question discussed in philosophy.
- Psychological and Ethical Egoism: The idea that people act for their own good.
- Virtue Ethics (Aristotle): Focus on good character and habits.
- Moral Absolutism (Kant): Some actions are always right or wrong.
- Utilitarianism (J.S. Mill): Right actions bring the most happiness to the most people.
- Social Contract Theory (Hobbes, Rawls): Morality comes from agreements people make in society.
VI. Muslim Thinkers
- Al-Farabi
- Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
- Al-Ghazali
- Ibn Rushid (Averroes)
- Ibn Khaldun
- Shah Waliullah
- Muhammad Iqbal
VII. Contemporary Philosophical Movements
- Existentialism (Heidegger, Sartre): Focus on individual freedom and the meaning of life.
- Pragmatism (Peirce, James, Dewey): Truth is what works in practice.
- Neo-pragmatism (Rorty): Truth is shaped by social use and language.
- Postmodernism (Lyotard, Foucault, Derrida): Questions the idea of one fixed truth and values different viewpoints.
Download CSS Philosophy Syllabus PDF
Click on the download button below to download the updated syllabus of CSS philosophy (group 6 from optional subjects).
1. What is included in the CSS Philosophy syllabus?
It covers methods of philosophy, knowledge theories, ethics, ontology, and famous thinkers.
| Download CSS Past Papers | |
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| English Precis & Composition | Download |
| General Science & Ability | Download |
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| Islamic Studies | Download |
2. Is philosophy a good optional subject for CSS?
Yes, if you enjoy thinking, reading, and writing clearly about abstract ideas.
3. Who are the important Muslim philosophers in the syllabus?
Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rushd, Ibn Khaldun, Shah Waliullah, and Iqbal.
4. What is the focus of ethics in CSS philosophy?
It includes morality, virtue, egoism, utilitarianism, and theories of right and wrong.
5. Are Western and modern philosophers included?
Yes, philosophers like Descartes, Kant, Mill, Sartre, and Foucault are part of the syllabus.
6. Where can I download the CSS Philosophy syllabus PDF?
You can download it from our website, CSS Updates.
