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CSS Islamic Studies Paper 2021
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Q. No. 2: Belief in the Day of Judgment and Its Effects on Individual and Collective Life
- Introduction: Belief in the Day of Judgment (Akhirah) is a fundamental principle in Islam, shaping moral and social behavior.
- Concept of the Day of Judgment:
- Qur’anic Perspective: Allah’s ultimate justice (Surah Al-Zalzalah 99:7-8).
- Accountability of Deeds: Every action is recorded (Surah Al-Kahf 18:49).
- Effects on Individual Life:
- Moral Responsibility: Encourages righteousness and honesty.
- Fear of Punishment: Deterring sinful acts.
- Hope for Reward: Motivation for good deeds.
- Effects on Collective Life:
- Social Justice: Establishing fairness and equality.
- Economic Ethics: Prevention of corruption and exploitation.
- Peace and Harmony: Strengthening ethical governance.
- Conclusion: The belief in the day of judgment ensures accountability, leading to a just and moral society.
Q. No. 3: Islam Provides Better Rights to All Humans Than Other non-muslims
- Introduction: Islam establishes a balanced framework of rights and responsibilities for individuals.
- Rights of men and wom*n in Islam:
- Spiritual Equality: Both are equal in the sight of Allah (Surah Al-Ahzab 33:35).
- Educational Rights: Mandatory for men and wom*n (*Hadith: “Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim”).
- Economic Rights: Women have financial independence (Surah An-Nisa 4:32).
- Legal and Social Rights: Right to inheritance, marriage, and divorce.
- Comparison with Other Religions:
- Pre-Islamic Arabia: Women were deprived of rights.
- Western Civilization: Late recognition of women’s rights (e.g., voting rights in the 20th century).
- Conclusion: Islam ensures a just and progressive system of gender rights, balancing responsibilities and privileges.
Q. No. 4: Teachings of Islam Regarding Co-Existence in a Multi-Faith Society
- Introduction: Islam promotes peace, tolerance, and respect for all faiths.
- Qur’anic Principles of Co-Existence:
- Respect for Other Religions: “There is no compulsion in religion” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:256).
- Peaceful Co-Existence: Tolerance towards non-Muslims (Surah Al-Kafirun 109:6).
- Prophet’s (ﷺ) Model of Co-Existence:
- Charter of Madina: Rights for all religious groups.
- Treaty of Hudaybiyyah: A peaceful agreement with non-Muslims.
- Application in the Modern World:
- Interfaith Dialogue: Bridging gaps between communities.
- Respect for Minority Rights: Ensuring social harmony.
- Conclusion: Islam encourages peaceful interaction and coexistence with people of all faiths.
Q. No. 5: Islamophobia as a Sign of Extremism and Remedies for It
- Introduction: Islamophobia is an irrational fear and prejudice against Islam and Muslims.
- Causes of Islamophobia:
- Media Misrepresentation: Stereotyping of Muslims.
- Lack of Awareness: Misunderstanding Islamic teachings.
- Political Exploitation: Used for geopolitical gains.
- Consequences of Islamophobia:
- Discrimination and Hate Crimes: Targeting Muslim communities.
- Social Divisions: Increasing religious intolerance.
- Remedies for Islamophobia:
- Interfaith Understanding: Promoting dialogue and education.
- Role of Media: Responsible journalism and positive portrayals.
- Government Policies: Enforcing anti-discrimination laws.
- Conclusion: Islamophobia must be countered through education, dialogue, and inclusive policies.
Q. No. 6: Principles of Accountability of Rulers in the Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah
- Introduction: Islam emphasizes that rulers are accountable to Allah and the people.
- Principles of Accountability in the Qur’an and Sunnah:
- Justice and Fairness: “Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due” (Surah An-Nisa 4:58).
- Consultation (Shura): Decision-making through consensus (Surah Ash-Shura 42:38).
- Public Welfare: Ensuring economic and social justice (*Hadith: “The leader of a people is their servant”).
- Examples from Islamic History:
- Hazrat Umar (RA): Established a transparent governance model.
- Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA): Emphasized accountability in his inaugural speech.
- Modern Application:
- Democratic Governance: Leaders must be accountable to the people.
- Elimination of Corruption: Upholding transparency and integrity.
- Conclusion: Islamic teachings provide a strong framework for just and responsible leadership.
Q. No. 7: Importance of Sufism in Spreading Islam and Its Role in Ameliorating Current Deviation
- Introduction: Sufism (Tasawwuf) played a significant role in spreading Islam through love and spirituality.
- Sufism’s Contribution to Islamic Expansion:
- Message of Love and Tolerance: Attracted non-Muslims.
- Charitable Services: Welfare and social justice.
- Prominent Sufi Figures: Hazrat Data Ganj Bakhsh, Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya.
- Addressing Current Deviation Through Sufism:
- Countering Extremism: Sufi teachings promote peace and moderation.
- Interfaith Harmony: Bridging religious and cultural gaps.
- Spiritual Purification: Strengthening faith and morality.
- Conclusion: Reviving Sufism can help address modern-day challenges of extremism and social unrest.
Q. No. 8: Write Notes on the Following
(a) Treaty of Hudaybiyyah as a Pact of Peace
- Background: The treaty was signed between the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and the Quraysh in 628 CE.
- Key Terms:
- 10-Year Truce: Ensured peace between Muslims and Quraysh.
- Postponed Umrah: Muslims agreed to return the following year.
- Freedom of alliances:
- Significance:
- Victory Through Diplomacy: Strengthened Muslim Position.
- Expansion of Islam: increased conversions post-treaty.
- Fulfillment of Prophetic Mission: Led to the peaceful conquest of Makkah.
(b) Benefits Acquired from the Battle of Khyber
- Background: Fought in 629 CE between Muslims and Jews of Khyber.
- Strategic Importance: Khyber was a stronghold of Jews hostile to Islam.
- Key Benefits:
- Economic Gains: Muslims gained significant resources and lands.
- Political Strength: Strengthened Muslim influence in Arabia.
- Military Expansion: Demonstrated Muslim military capabilities.
- Conclusion: The Battle of Khyber marked a significant milestone in the consolidation of Islamic rule.
