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CSS Islamic Studies Paper 2017
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Q. No. 2: Recipients of Zakat and Its Social Impact
- Introduction: Zakat is a fundamental pillar of Islam aimed at wealth distribution.
- Eligible Recipients (as per Quran 9:60):
- The people with low income (Fuqarah) and needy (Masakeen)
- Those employed to collect it
- Those whose hearts are to be reconciled
- To free slaves and those in debt
- For Allah’s cause and stranded travelers
- Social Impact: Reduces poverty, promotes social welfare, and bridges economic gaps.
- Conclusion: Zakat ensures economic justice and social stability.
Q. No. 3: Women’s Right to Inheritance in Islam
Introduction: Islam granted women inheritance rights over 1400 years ago.
Quranic Injunctions: (Surah An-Nisa 4:7, 4:11) specify shares for daughters, wives, and mothers.
Comparison with the pre-Islamic Era: Women were deprived of inheritance before Islam.
Social Impact: Empowers women financially, and promotes gender justice.
Challenges: Cultural resistance and misinterpretation hinder full implementation.
Conclusion: Women’s inheritance rights uphold social equity.
Q. No. 4: Election of Rightly-Guided Caliphs and Democracy
- Introduction: The four Caliphs were elected through shura (consultation).
- Election Process:
- Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was chosen by consensus.
- Hazrat Umar (RA) was appointed by Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA).
- A council elected Hazrat Usman (RA).
- Hazrat Ali (RA) was selected after public demand.
- Democratic Aspects: Public consultation, accountability, and rule of law.
- Conclusion: Their governance reflected Islamic democratic principles.
Q. No. 5: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as the Greatest Peace-Maker
Introduction: Prophet (PBUH) united diverse communities.
Reconciliation with Pagans: Treaty of Hudaybiyyah as a peaceful resolution.
With Jews: Charter of Medina ensured coexistence.
With Christians: Letters inviting peaceful dialogue.
Conclusion: The Prophet (PBUH) set an example of diplomacy and tolerance.
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Q. No. 6: Self-Purification in Quran and Sunnah
Introduction: Tazkiyah (purification) is essential for spiritual growth.
Quranic Basis: (Surah Ash-Shams 91:9) “He has succeeded who purifies himself.”
Prophetic Teachings: Emphasis on sincerity, prayers, and morality.
Impact on Society: Promotes ethics, reduces corruption, and fosters kindness.
Conclusion: Self-purification is key to a just and moral society.
Q. No. 7: Reasons for Extremism in Pakistan and Islamic Solutions
- Introduction: Extremism threatens peace and stability.
- Causes: Ignorance, poverty, political instability, and misinterpretation of religion.
- Islamic Teachings:
- Quran: Condemns killing of innocents.
- Hadith: Promotes tolerance and justice.
- Solutions: education, social justice, counter-extremism measures.
- Conclusion: Islam provides a framework for peace and moderation.
Q. No. 8: Ijma (Consensus) and Its Importance
- Introduction: Ijma is a collective agreement in Islamic jurisprudence.
- Types:
- Explicit Ijma: Unanimous agreement of scholars.
- Silent Ijma: No opposition to a ruling.
- Importance: Ensures adaptability in Islamic law.
- Quran and Sunnah Basis: Encourages unity and scholarly consensus.
- Conclusion: Ijma maintains flexibility in Islamic legal rulings.
