PMS Environmental Sciences Notes PDF
PMS Environmental Sciences Notes
PMS Environmental Sciences Notes are very useful for candidates preparing for the PMS examination. These notes explain the connection between humans and nature, the importance of conserving natural resources, and the challenges caused by human activities on the environment. Moreover, they cover important areas such as pollution, biodiversity loss, sustainable development, and climate change. In addition, PMS Environmental Sciences Notes help students improve critical thinking and write well-structured answers during exams. Therefore, by studying these updated and organized notes, candidates can strengthen their preparation and achieve better results in this subject.
PMS Environmental Sciences Notes – Sample
1. Introduction
Deforestation means the cutting down of forests on a large scale without proper replanting. In Pakistan, deforestation is increasing due to urbanization, industrial growth, and population pressure. This problem has become a major threat to the country’s climate, economy, and biodiversity.
2. Causes of Deforestation in Pakistan
Urban Expansion: Growing cities need more land for housing and infrastructure.
Agricultural Needs: Forest land is cleared for crops and livestock farming.
Fuelwood Use: Many rural communities depend on wood for cooking and heating.
Illegal Logging: Trees are cut down for timber without proper permission.
Industrialization: Forest areas are destroyed for industries and mining projects.
3. Effects of Deforestation
Loss of Biodiversity: Many plant and animal species lose their natural habitats.
Climate Change: Fewer trees mean less carbon dioxide absorption, increasing global warming.
Soil Erosion: The removal of trees makes soil loose and less fertile.
Water Cycle Disturbance: Reduced forests lower rainfall and increase water scarcity.
Floods and Landslides: Without tree roots, land becomes unstable during heavy rains.
Economic Loss: Decline in forests reduces timber, fruits, and medicinal resources.
4. Conclusion
Deforestation in Pakistan is a serious challenge with harmful effects on the environment, economy, and society. To control it, strong policies, reforestation programs, and public awareness are essential. Moreover, the government, NGOs, and local communities must work together to protect forests for future generations. A sustainable approach can ensure that forests continue to support life, climate balance, and national development.
